Clinical Trials: Common Myths vs. Realities

Last Updated: April 30, 2025

In this article:

• Myth 1: Clinical trials are only for people with no other treatment options.

• Myth 2: Participants in clinical trials are treated like "guinea pigs."

• Myth 3: If I join a clinical trial, I might receive a placebo instead of actual treatment.

• Myth 4: Clinical trials are dangerous.

• Myth 5: Joining a clinical trial means you can't leave if you change your mind.

• Myth 6: Clinical trials are only conducted in large hospitals or research centers.

• Myth 7: Clinical trials are expensive, and I must pay to participate.

• Myth 8: If I join a clinical trial, I won't receive the same quality of care as regular patients.

• Myth 9: Clinical trials are only for young people.

• Myth 10: Once a treatment is approved, there's no need for further clinical trials.

Clinical trials are crucial in advancing medical science, yet many people hesitate to participate due to misconceptions. Understanding the difference between myths and realities can help patients make informed decisions about joining a clinical trial.

Myth 1: Clinical trials are only for people with no other treatment options.

Reality: While some clinical trials are designed for patients with advanced or treatment-resistant conditions, many trials are open to individuals at earlier stages of a disease or even those who are healthy. There are various types of trials, including prevention, diagnostic, and quality-of-life studies, which can benefit a broad range of participants.

Myth 2: Participants in clinical trials are treated like "guinea pigs."

Reality: Clinical trials are conducted under strict ethical guidelines and oversight to protect participants. Before a trial begins, it must be approved by an Institutional Review Board (IRB), which ensures that the study is ethical and that participants' rights and well-being are prioritized. Participants are fully informed about the trial and must provide consent before joining.

Myth 3: If I join a clinical trial, I might receive a placebo instead of actual treatment.

Reality: Placebos are rarely used alone in clinical trials for serious diseases. Most trials compare a new treatment to the current standard of care, meaning participants will receive the new treatment or the best available treatment. If a placebo is used, it is typically combined with standard treatment so that no participant is left without care.

Myth 4: Clinical trials are dangerous.

Reality: Safety is the top priority in clinical trials. Extensive preclinical research is conducted before human testing begins. During the trial, participants are closely monitored, and trials are designed to minimize risks. Additionally, regulatory agencies like the FDA oversee clinical trials to ensure they are as safe as possible.

Myth 5: Joining a clinical trial means you can't leave if you change your mind.

Reality: Participants can leave a clinical trial at any time and for any reason. Participation is entirely voluntary, and patients can withdraw if they feel uncomfortable or their circumstances change. Researchers encourage open communication and respect a participant's decision to exit a trial.

Myth 6: Clinical trials are only conducted in large hospitals or research centers.

Reality: While some clinical trials take place in major hospitals and research institutions, many are also conducted in local clinics, community hospitals, and private practices. Advances in technology have also enabled remote or virtual clinical trials, making participation more accessible to people in different locations.

Myth 7: Clinical trials are expensive, and I must pay to participate.

Reality: In most cases, participants do not have to pay to join a clinical trial. The trial sponsor typically covers the cost of the treatment, tests, and procedures related to the study. Some trials may even compensate participants for their time and travel expenses. However, it is essential to ask the research team about potential costs before enrolling.

Myth 8: If I join a clinical trial, I won't receive the same quality of care as regular patients.

Reality: Participants in clinical trials often receive a higher level of care than they would outside of a trial. This is because a dedicated team of healthcare professionals closely monitors them. Frequent check-ups and tests ensure any issues are detected and addressed promptly.

Myth 9: Clinical trials are only for young people.

Reality: Clinical trials are open to people of all ages, depending on the study's criteria. There are trials specifically designed for children, adults, and older adults. Having diverse participants, including older adults, is important to ensure that treatments are effective for everyone.

Myth 10: Once a treatment is approved, there's no need for further clinical trials.

Reality: Even after a treatment is approved, clinical trials continue. Phase 4 trials (post-marketing surveillance) are conducted to monitor long-term safety and effectiveness, gather additional data, and explore new uses for the treatment. This ongoing research ensures that approved treatments remain safe and beneficial.