In minimal change disease, the filters don’t function well because their structure is altered. As blood flows through the altered filters, large amounts of proteins can leak into the urine.

Membranous nephropathy is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system targets and attacks the glomeruli. The glomeruli become leaky, leading to abnormal loss of protein in the urine (proteinuria) and a decrease in the ability of the kidneys to filter waste products and excess fluid from the blood.

Lupus nephritis is a kidney disorder that occurs as a result of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease. In lupus nephritis, the body's immune system attacks the kidney tissues, causing inflammation and kidney damage.